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Where will climate change and drought lead to agriculture?
Climate change is fully expected to affect food security at the global, regional and local levels. Climate change can affect food production, reduce access to food, and affect food quality. The world must prepare for a new and different era in terms of food supply, as projected increases in temperature, changes in regional precipitation patterns, changes in extreme weather events, and reduced water availability may all lead to reduced agricultural productivity. become An increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events can also disrupt food transportation, and the rate of food price increases following natural events is expected to increase in the future. An increase in temperature can contribute to food spoilage and contamination.The effects of climate change and drought will affect agriculture internationally, and its effect on food supply and supply chains will likely be visible in all parts of the world. In addition, factors such as population growth may make food security problems more and more challenging. On the other hand, in developing countries, the replacement of sustainable procedures such as making changes in crop management or animal husbandry practices, or optimizing the irrigation method, faces many challenges
The effects of climate change on global food supply is a common concern for the whole world, because the lack of food and the increase in its price will lead to humanitarian crises and concerns about the national security of countries.Drought caused by climate change can reduce both the availability of water and the quality of water needed for productive fields, pastures and livestock pastures, and as a result, directly and indirectly, have significant negative economic effects on the agricultural sector. Drought can also fuel the spread of pests, increase wildfires, and change rates of carbon, nutrients, and interfere with the water cycle; All of these can affect agricultural production, critical ecosystem functions that underpin agricultural systems, and the livelihoods and health of farming communities. In the continuation of this article, we will examine the consequences of climate change and agricultural drought more closely together.
Agricultural production losses
The first direct economic impact that drought has on the agricultural sector is crop failure and pasture losses. The cost of this is often passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices.Indirect effects of drought in this sector can include reduced supply of primary food to downstream industries, such as food manufacturers, and reduced demand for inputs, such as fertilizer and farm labor. The side effects of agricultural drought and crop losses include pressure on the mental health of farmers. If the crop is faced with high temperature or dry conditions during the critical times of its growth, it may not produce any product. For example, at temperatures above the tolerance limit, corn does not die, but it does not produce any seeds and does not form wings.
Reduced access to water for agriculture
Following the agricultural drought, the reduction of water in the soil causes a significant decrease in crop production and livestock productivity.In addition, surface and groundwater resources may decrease during drought, making water more difficult to access and raising the cost of accessing water for irrigating crops or forage, as well as watering livestock. With a return to normal rainfall, soil moisture may be replenished in a short period of time, but restoration of surface and groundwater resources will undoubtedly take time.
Pests and diseases
The occurrence of drought with rising air temperature (temperature) may expand the distribution and incidence of pests and diseases that affect crops, forage and livestock. The spread of sen pest in wheat and barley (cereal) fields, psyllium in pistachio orchards, and the outbreak of locusts in fields and orchards are examples of this crisis. Warming weather can also cause a change in the host level of some plants relative to some fungi.The increase in heat in the forests of Canada and America has caused an outbreak of bark beetles. In northern Germany, it is predicted that if the average temperature increase continues in the same way in the long term, this issue will be beneficial for pathogens in oilseeds such as rapeseed, sesame, etc
